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TIME: Almanac of the 20th Century
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TIME, Almanac of the 20th Century.ISO
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1990
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90
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jul_sep
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0903012.000
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<text>
<title>
(Sep. 03, 1990) Where Shadows Are Dark
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
Sep. 03, 1990 Are We Ready For This?
The Gulf:Desert Shield
</history>
<link 00769>
<link 00493>
<link 00256>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
THE GULF, Page 42
Where Shadows Are Dark
</hdr>
<body>
<p>In Kuwait, food supplies are dwindling, a resistance force is
growing, and order is breaking down as Iraqi soldiers pillage
stores, grabbing whatever they want
</p>
<p> Several days after Iraq invaded Kuwait, a clandestine radio
station passed word that a satellite would pass over Kuwait
City at midnight and snap photographs. The message instructed
citizens to go to their roofs to demonstrate their opposition
to Saddam Hussein. As improbable as that scenario might sound,
thousands of Kuwaitis climbed to the tops of buildings at
midnight and unfurled huge banners in Arabic and English--the
letters three feet high--reading KUWAIT FOR US, NOT FOR THE
IRAQIS! and WE DIE AND KUWAIT LIVES! Despite the bursts from
automatic weapons fired into the air by nervous Iraqi soldiers,
Kuwaitis stayed for an hour, waving their banners and shouting,
</p>
<p> That brief, exhilarating moment of national defiance went
unseen and unheard by the world. Each day Kuwait grows more
isolated as the Iraqi occupiers cut off the last few lines of
telephone communication. Even the dozens of Kuwaiti refugees
in Saudi Arabia who call home by mobile cellular phone can
rarely get through. Citizens and foreign residents must rely
on friends and relatives who have escaped the country to bear
their message of despair. Although the tide of refugees is
drying up as Iraqis reportedly mine the desert roads, each day
brings another exhausted traveler on the run with fresh news
about life inside Kuwait. As in every war, it is difficult to
know if these stories are true. But taken together, the
accounts suggest that despite the country's initial spirited
defiance, Kuwait is now living on the edge of its nerves.
</p>
<p> Saddam is slowly choking all life out of Kuwait. People stay
in their homes, afraid to venture into the streets, where
garbage smolders and the shells of stripped and abandoned cars,
many of them disabled Iraqi military vehicles, glisten beneath
the sun. Refugees report a deepening water shortage, and there
is concern that the all-important desalinization plant is not
being properly attended to. "There is no maintenance," says a
Kuwaiti refugee in Saudi Arabia. "Sooner or later everything
is going to break down."
</p>
<p> Food supplies are dwindling, propelled by widespread
hoarding. There seem to be stocks of staples to last several
more weeks, but fresh fruits and vegetables are quickly
disappearing. Poorly equipped Iraqi soldiers, who apparently
have little or no food with them, have their own answers to the
shortages. The invading forces, which were disciplined and
relatively well behaved, knocked on Kuwaitis' doors to ask for
handouts. Those troops are gone now, replaced by a scruffy
army of "volunteers," mostly teenagers and retirees armed with
AK-47s. They simply enter houses and take food. They seem to
regard their mission as a nasty game of Supermarket
Sweepstakes. Ron Jack, an American escapee who watched Iraqi
forces pillage a giant Kuwaiti store, says, "They went straight
for the hi-fis and televisions." Other troops have piled
12-wheelers high with Kuwaiti munitions and missiles.
</p>
<p> Hard-to-confirm tales of destruction and rape abound.
Saddam, who knows that such reports undermine his claim to have
restored law-and-order in Kuwait, has introduced summary trial
and execution for looters. Hamza Hendawi, a Reuters
correspondent who escaped from Kuwait last week, reports that
as a warning to thieves, Iraqi forces strung up the body of an
executed lieutenant colonel on a crane and left it dangling
outside Kuwait's municipal headquarters. A placard around the
corpse's neck read HE STOLE THE MONEY OF THE PEOPLE. Beneath
the body were piled stolen clothes and electrical goods.
According to the Washington Post, the officer may actually have
been punished for leading a dissident group in a clash with
other Iraqi forces.
</p>
<p> Kuwaitis' fears have not translated into collaboration. They
have ignored Saddam's back-to-work orders, keeping most
businesses, government offices and banks closed. So far, Iraq
has been unable to identify any Kuwaitis willing to serve in
official positions. The "new" government that was paraded
before cameras shortly after Iraq's invasion has not been seen
since.
</p>
<p> There is a Kuwaiti resistance movement, but its
effectiveness is difficult to assess. A refugee in Saudi Arabia
who identifies himself only as Hussein says Kuwaiti soldiers
and police distributed weapons to citizens on the day of the
invasion, but there is a shortage of bullets. Refugees say that
resistance groups mount hit-and-run attacks by night, targeting
small units of Iraqi soldiers and military convoys with Molotov
cocktails and hand grenades. When Iraq's intelligence service
arrived in Kuwait City with a list of names and addresses of
Kuwaiti army officers, civilians went around the city removing
house numbers and street signs to thwart arrests.
</p>
<p> Last week Kuwait's crown prince told reporters in the Saudi
capital of Riyadh that refugees are forming a liberation army.
While any such force is unlikely to pose a threat to Iraq's
occupying army, Saddam may face a challenge from within his own
ranks. Many refugees tell of encounters with Iraqi soldiers who
expressed embarrassment about their invasion and begged
Kuwaitis to forgive them. "Some said they thought they were
being sent to fight against Israel," says Youssef, a refugee
in Saudi Arabia. An escaped Bedouin woman says, "The soldiers
told us they were afraid that their families would be killed
in Iraq if they refused to fight." If troop morale is low, it
is not surprising that some soldiers are donning civilian
clothes and trying to blend into the Kuwaiti population, while
others have attempted to escape to Saudi Arabia.
</p>
<p> As Saddam moves quickly to seal all escape outlets, Kuwaitis
and the remaining foreigners, who include some 2,500 Americans,
will be in for tougher times. Baghdad Radio has warned Kuwaiti
citizens that they will face "the severest of punishments" if
they provide Westerners with shelter. Meanwhile, Saddam is
filling Kuwait with thousands of Iraqis, who arrive in trucks
with all their belongings and orders to take up residence in
abandoned apartments. "By the time Saddam has finished," says
a refugee in Saudi Arabia, "the population will be completely
different." And Kuwait may well be a place no Kuwaiti would
want to live in.
</p>
<p>By Jill Smolowe. Reported by William Dowell/Al Khafji and Jay
Peterzell/Saudi Arabia.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>